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 | VIETNAMgeneral data of the country |
| General useful information |
| Note: some data are of constant value, while other are due to changes, fluctuations etc. |
| Nation and population |
| official name (short form): Viêt Nam |
| country code ISO: VN //; - FIPS: VM |
| location: Southeast Asia |
| time zone: +7 UT |
| surface (land) area: 331041 sq.km = 127816 sq.mi //; - area incl. inland waters: sq.km = sq.mi |
| geographical position in extreme co-ordinates: North: 23° N / South: 8° N / East: 109° E / West: 102° E |
| borders (land): Cambodia, Laos, China |
| borders (coastline): South China Sea |
| climate: north: relatively cool, south tropical |
| Government |
| independent since: 1945-09-02 ; 1954 ; 1976 |
| type of government: republic |
| capital: Hà Nôi |
| administrative division: region (7) into province (50) + municipality (2) and capital (1) |
| Population |
| population according to the latest census (1989): 64411,713 |
| total population according to the estimate of midyear 2000: 78773,873; or: 78523,000 /-; 2001: 79175,000; or: 79939,014 |
| population density: 238 per sq.km = 616 per sq.mi |
| population growth: 2% //; - doubling time: ca 30 years |
| birth rate: 21 - 26 per 1000 |
| death rate: 6 - 7 per 1000 |
| fertility rate: 3 - 4 children per female |
| maternal mortality: 140 per 100,000 |
| infant mortality (1-4 years): 38 per 1000 |
| life expectancy: 69 years (male: 67; female: 72) |
| age breakdown: 0-14 years: 39% //; - 15-59 years: 54% //; - 60+ years: 7% |
| urbanisation: 20% //; - urbanisation growth: 3% |
| percentage of urban population in the greatest city: 21% |
| Ethnic composition, language, religion |
| ethnic groups: Vietnamese (Kinh) 87%; Hoa Chinese 2%; Meo 2%; Thai 2%; Khmer 1%; Muong 1%; Nung 1%; others: Man, Cham, Tay, Khome |
| languages: Vietnamese (official); Chinese, Tho, Khmer, Muong, Thai, Nung, Miao, Jarai, Rhadé, Hre, Bahnar, French, English |
| religious affiliation: Buddhist 67%; Roman Catholic 8%; Taoist, indigenous beliefs |
| Health |
| daily food intake: 2422 calories per capita |
| population with access to safe water: 56% |
| people per physician: 2283 |
| people per hospital bed: 380 |
| Education, literacy |
| school enrolment: primary education 6-11 years: 57% |
| school enrolment: secondary education: 42% |
| school enrolment: tertiary education 20-24 years: 3% |
| adult literacy: 94% (male: 96,5%; female: 91%) |
| Economy and infrastructure |
| Economy and trade |
| currency: dong = 10 hao = 100 xu |
| annual inflation rate: 15% |
| population below poverty line: 51% |
| Gross Domestic Product: USD 200 per capita |
| GNI USD 390 per capita //; - [ppp: 2000] |
| GDP growth: 6% |
| income: USD 300 per capita |
| import: USD 3924 per capita //; - export: USD 2985 per capita |
| trade: USD 60 per capita //; - or 96% of GDP |
| trade partners: SG FR JP CN |
| human development index: 0,682 //; - position of the country in the world no.: 101 |
| female labour force: 49% |
| unemployment: 7% |
| tourism: 2 million |
| Economic activities in agriculture, fisheries, industry, mining, services, energy |
| land use: arable land: 20% //; - grass land: 1% //; - wooded area: 30% //; - arid land and desert: % |
| agriculture: labour force: 68% //; - part of agriculture in GDP: 42% |
| agricultural products: rice, sugarcane, cassava, cashew nuts, fish, potatoes, soybeans, coffee, tea, corn/maize |
| livestock (million): buffalo: 3 / cattle: 4 / goats: 0,5 / pigs: 20 / poultry: 112-137 / [ducks 60?] |
| fish catch: 1200000 - 1550000 metric tonnes |
| industry: labour force: 12% //; - part of industry in GDP: 25% |
| industrial products: cement, fish sauce, food processing, garments, shoes, chemical fertilizer |
| mining products: phosphate rock, gold, coal, oil, tin, zinc, iron, antimony, apatite, salt, bauxite, gas, manganese, chromate |
| CO2 emission per capita: 0,6 |
| services: labour force: 21% //; - part of services in GDP: 33% |
| energy use (kg per capita): 454 |
| electricity use (per capita): 252 |
| annual water use (per capita): 414 |
| Traffic, communication |
| road network: 85700, or 106048 km //; - of which paved: 26% //; - of which are motorways: 0 km |
| vehicles: 2,5 per 1000 |
| railways: 2652 km //; - railways passenger/km: 2100 |
| navigable inland waterways: 17702 km |
| ownership telephone: 11 - 27 per 1000 |
| ownership radio receivers: 95 - 109 per 1000 |
| ownership tv-sets: 47 - 182 per 1000 |
| newspaper circulation: 8 per 1000 |
| persons per post office: |
| personal computers: 9 per 1000 |
| Some physical landmarks |
| mountains: Fan Si Pan 3143 m, P. Si Lung 3076, Phu Luong 2983, Lang Cung 2913 |
| lowest point: sea level |
| lakes (natural): none, or unknown |
| lakes (artificial reservoirs): a few ones |
| lakes (deepest): unknown |
| rivers: Hong (Red River), Tien Giang (Mekong), Da Rang, Da (Black River) Ma, Ca, Chu |
| canals: none, or unknown |
| waterfalls: none, or unknown |
| caves: longest system: none, or unknown / deepest: |
| islands: Đao Phu Quôc, Côn Đao, Đao Bach Long Vi |
| deserts: none |
| other natural features: |
| Additional remarks, especially on the statistical information |
| other important features: |
| apart from physical landmarks most of the above figures are changeable, in most cases they date from the 1990's |
| primary sources used for the general information: |
| BB CA EV PW WA WB WR, and some national statistical yearbooks |
| particulars concerning population data: |
To the page containing the population growth statistics of the country
To the page containing the historical population growth statistics of the provinces
To the page containing urban historical population statistics
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