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 | RUSSIA[Rossija] : |
| General useful information |
| Note: some data are of constant value, while other are due to changes, fluctuations etc. |
| Nation and population |
| official name (short form): Rossija ; Rossijskaja Federa`'cija |
| country code ISO: RU //; - FIPS: RS |
| location: East Europe, North Asia |
| time zones: from +3 to +12 UT* [*= applying daylight saving time] |
| surface (land) area: 173750400 sq.km = 6592800 sq.mi //; - area incl. inland waters: sq.km = sq.mi |
| geographical position in extreme co-ordinates: North: 81°N / South: 42° N / East: 169° W / West: 19° E |
| borders (land): too many countries in East Europe and Central and East Asia to mention here |
| borders (coastline): Arctic Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, North Pacific Ocean |
| climate: various, mostly cold continental |
| Government |
| independent since: 9th cent.; 1991-12-08 |
| type of government: republic |
| capital: Moskva (Moscow) |
| administrative division: oblast, kraj, okrug: for more details see the separate file |
| Population |
| population according to the latest census (1989): 147021,869, or: 147400,537 |
| total population according to the estimate of midyear 2000: 146001,200; or: 145555,000 /-; 2001: 144664,000 |
| population density: 8 per sq.km = 22 per sq.mi |
| population growth: -0,02% //; - doubling time: not applicable, declining population |
| birth rate: 9 per 1000 |
| death rate: 14 - 15 per 1000 |
| fertility rate: 1 child per female |
| maternal mortality: per 100,000 |
| infant mortality (1-4 years): 17 per 1000 |
| life expectancy: 67 years (male: 62; female: 73) |
| age breakdown: 0-14 years: 23% //; - 15-59 years: 61,5% //; - 60+ years: 15,5% |
| urbanisation: 73 - 77% //; - urbanisation growth: % |
| percentage of urban population in the greatest city: 9% |
| Ethnic composition, language, religion |
| ethnic groups: Russian 81,5%; Tatar 3,8%; Ukrainian 3%; Chuvash 1%; Bashkir 1%; other 10% |
| languages: Russian (official); many others |
| religious affiliation: Russian Orthodox 75%; Roman Catholic, Protestant, Jew, Buddhist, Muslim 10%; non religious 15% |
| Health |
| daily food intake: 2835 calories per capita |
| population with access to safe water: 99% |
| people per physician: 215 |
| people per hospital bed: 85 |
| Education, literacy |
| school enrolment: primary education 6-11 years: 90% |
| school enrolment: secondary education: 47% |
| school enrolment: tertiary education 20-24 years: 13% |
| adult literacy: 99% (male: %; female: %) |
| Economy and infrastructure |
| Economy and trade |
| currency: Ruble = 100 kopek |
| annual inflation rate: 162% |
| population below poverty line: 31% |
| Gross Domestic Product: USD 2650 per capita |
| GNI USD 1660 per capita //; - [ppp: 8010] |
| GDP growth: -4,6% |
| income: USD per capita |
| import: USD 46680 per capita //; - export: USD 79910 per capita |
| trade: USD per capita //; - or 60% of GDP |
| trade partners: DE CN US JP IT GB |
| human development index: 0,775 //; - position of the country in the world no.: 55 |
| female labour force: 49% |
| unemployment: 13% |
| tourism: 21 million |
| Economic activities in agriculture, fisheries, industry, mining, services, energy |
| land use: arable land: 10% //; - grass land: 37% //; - wooded area: 50% //; - arid land and desert: 3% |
| agriculture: labour force: 13,5% //; - part of agriculture in GDP: 12% |
| agricultural products: wheat, timber, sugar beets, vegetables |
| livestock (million): cattle: 27 / goats: 1,7 / horses: 1,7 / pigs: 18 / poultry: 349 / sheep: 14 |
| fish catch: 4141000 - 4720000 metric tonnes |
| industry: labour force: 41,9% //; - part of industry in GDP: 48% |
| industrial products: machinery, transport equipment, machine tools, steel, chemicals, textiles, paper |
| mining products: coal, natural gas & oil, gold, diamonds, precious metals, manganese, mercury, potash, bauxite, cobalt, tin, > |
| CO2 emission per capita: 9,8 // > more mining products: zinc, lead, molybdenum, nickel, phosphates, silver, tungsten |
| services: labour force: 44,6% //; - part of services in GDP: 36% |
| energy use (kg per capita): 4121 |
| electricity use (per capita): |
| annual water use (per capita): |
| Traffic, communication |
| road network: 854000 (949000) km //; - of which paved: 67% //; - of which are motorways: 29200 km |
| vehicles: 1 per 1000 |
| railways: 87090, or: 152000 km //; - railways passenger/km: 263800 |
| navigable inland waterways: 101000 km |
| ownership telephone: 170 -210 per 1000 |
| ownership radio receivers: 418 per 1000 |
| ownership tv-sets: 380 - 421 per 1000 |
| newspaper circulation: 267 per 1000 |
| persons per post office: 3250 |
| personal computers: 43 per 1000 |
| Some physical landmarks |
| mountains: El'brus 5642 m, Kazbek 5047, Klyuchevskaya Sopka 4750 |
| lowest point: 26 m below sea level: borders of the Caspian Sea |
| lakes (natural): Caspian Sea, Baykal, Ladoga, Onega |
| lakes (artificial reservoirs): several |
| lakes (deepest): Baykal |
| rivers: [only some main ones from e-w]: Kolyma, Amur, Lena, Yenisey, Ob', Irtysh, Ural, Pechora, Volga, Don |
| canals: Volga Don Canal, Volga Baltic Waterway |
| waterfalls: unknown |
| caves: longest system: unknown / deepest: |
| islands: Novaya Zemlya, Sakhalin, Severnaya Z., Novosibirskiye Ostrova, Z. Frantsa-Iosifa |
| deserts: no real desert landscapes, but arid steppe and tundra regions |
| other natural features: |
| Additional remarks, especially on the statistical information |
| other important features: |
| apart from physical landmarks most of the above figures are changeable, in most cases they date from the 1990's |
| not all figures are available, several sources only state data of the former Soviet Union |
| primary sources used for the general information: |
| BB CA EV PW WA WB WR, and some national statistical yearbooks |
| particulars concerning population data: |
To the page containing the population growth statistics of the country
To the page containing the historical population growth statistics of the provinces
To the page containing urban historical population statistics
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