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 | TURKMENISTANgeneral data of the country |
| General useful information |
| Note: some data are of constant value, while other are due to changes, fluctuations etc. |
| Nation and population |
| official name (short form): Tūrkmenistan |
| country code ISO: TM //; - FIPS: TX |
| location: West Central Asia |
| time zone: +5 UT |
| surface (land) area: 488100 sq.km = 188455 sq.mi //; - area incl. inland waters: sq.km = sq.mi |
| geographical position in extreme co-ordinates: North: 43° N / South: 35° N / East: 67° E / West: 53° E |
| borders (land): Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Iran |
| borders (coastline): Caspian Sea |
| climate: continental arid |
| Government |
| independent since: 1991-10-27 |
| type of government: republic |
| capital: A`'sgabat |
| administrative division: welayah [=province] (4) + city (1) |
| Population |
| population according to the latest census (1995): 4000,460; or: 4483,251 |
| total population according to the estimate of midyear 2000: 4518,268; or: 5199,000 /-; 2001: 4603,244; or: 5170,000 |
| population density: 9,3 per sq.km = 24 per sq.mi |
| population growth: 2,6% //; - doubling time: 29 years |
| birth rate: 29 - 32 per 1000 |
| death rate: 8 - 9 per 1000 |
| fertility rate: 4 children per female |
| maternal mortality: per 100,000 |
| infant mortality (1-4 years): 46 per 1000 |
| life expectancy: 61 - 65 years (male: 57 - 62; female: 65 - 69) |
| age breakdown: 0-14 years: 41% //; - 15-59 years: 53% //; - 60+ years: 6% |
| urbanisation: 45% //; - urbanisation growth: % |
| percentage of urban population in the greatest city: % |
| Ethnic composition, language, religion |
| ethnic groups: Turkmen 77%; Uzbek 9,2%; Russian 6,7%; Kazak 2%; Armenian 0,8%; Ukrainian 0,8%; Tatar 0,8%; Azerbaijan 0,8% |
| languages: Turkmen (official); Russian, Uzbek |
| religious affiliation: Sunnī Muslim 87% (source PW states here: Shī'īte Muslim!); Christian (Eastern Orthodox) 2,5% |
| Health |
| daily food intake: 2684 calories per capita |
| population with access to safe water: 58% |
| people per physician: 330 |
| people per hospital bed: 97 |
| Education, literacy |
| school enrolment: primary education 6-11 years: % |
| school enrolment: secondary education: % |
| school enrolment: tertiary education 20-24 years: % |
| adult literacy: % (male: 98%; female: 97%) |
| Economy and infrastructure |
| Economy and trade |
| currency: Manat = 100 tenesi |
| annual inflation rate: 408% |
| population below poverty line: % |
| Gross Domestic Product: USD 1270 per capita |
| GNI USD 750 per capita //; - [ppp: 3800] |
| GDP growth: -8% |
| income: USD 1700 per capita |
| import: USD 1364 per capita //; - export: USD 1881 per capita |
| trade: USD 350 per capita //; - or 93% of GDP |
| trade partners: CIS-countries TR IR |
| human development index: 0,73 //; - position of the country in the world no.: 83 |
| female labour force: 46% |
| unemployment: 3% |
| tourism: 0,3million |
| Economic activities in agriculture, fisheries, industry, mining, services, energy |
| land use: arable land: 3% //; - grass land: 62% //; - wooded area: 8% //; - arid land and desert: 25% |
| agriculture: labour force: 43% //; - part of agriculture in GDP: 43% |
| agricultural products: seed cotton, vegetables, grain, fruit |
| livestock (1000s): asses: 24 / camels: 40 / cattle: 850 / goats: 368 / horses: 16 / pigs: 46 / poultry: 4550 / sheep: 5600 |
| fish catch: metric tonnes |
| industry: labour force: 11% //; - part of industry in GDP: 41% |
| industrial products: metal & metalworks, food products, chemical products, construction materials, textiles |
| mining products: sulphur, sodium sulphate, potassium, salt, natural oil & gas, coal |
| CO2 emission per capita: 5,7 |
| services: labour force: 47% //; - part of services in GDP: 16% |
| energy use (kg per capita): 2677 |
| electricity use (per capita): 944 |
| annual water use (per capita): 6390 |
| Traffic, communication |
| road network: 22600, or 24000 km //; - of which paved: 81% //; - of which are motorways: 0 km |
| vehicles: 46 per 1000 |
| railways: 2187, or 2393 km //; - railways passenger/km: 2100 |
| navigable inland waterways: 0 km |
| ownership telephone: 82 - 215 per 1000 |
| ownership radio receivers: 189 - 289 per 1000 |
| ownership tv-sets: 189 - 240 per 1000 |
| newspaper circulation: per 1000 |
| persons per post office: |
| personal computers: per 1000 |
| Some physical landmarks |
| mountains: Gora Reza 2942 m, Gora Masinev 2335, Gora Tagarev 2246 |
| lowest point: 26 m below sea level, at the border of the Caspian Sea |
| lakes (natural): Caspian Sea, including Zaliv Kara Bogaz-Gol |
| lakes (artificial reservoirs): none, or unknown |
| lakes (deepest): Caspian Sea |
| rivers: Amu Darya, Atrak |
| canals: Karakumskiy Kanal |
| waterfalls: none, or unknown |
| caves: longest system: none, or unknown / deepest: |
| islands: none |
| deserts: Kara Kum |
| other natural features: |
| Additional remarks, especially on the statistical information |
| other important features: |
| apart from physical landmarks most of the above figures are changeable, in most cases they date from the 1990's |
| primary sources used for the general information: |
| BB CA EV PW WA WB WR, and some national statistical yearbooks |
| particulars concerning population data: |
To the page containing the population growth statistics of the country
To the page containing the historical population growth statistics of the provinces
To the page containing urban historical population statistics
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